Events History

27 Feb : Radio carbon dating was made possible

Science has many aspects which don't look important but they actually are. One such thing is radiocarbon dating. It's an interesting concept, read here.

You must have read or heard about archaeologists digging deep and coming across some 5,000 years old piece of wood, or a 2000 year old painting, or a mummy etc. Now how these archaeologists or scientists find the age of these ancient things ? ItтАЩs easy for them because of radio carbon dating.

It is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material. by using the properties of a radioactive isotope of carbon – Carbon 14.┬а

Carbon 14 was discovered today in 1940 by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben. It is a long-lived naturally occurring radioactive carbon isotope of mass 14, used in carbon dating and as a tracer in biochemistry.

There are three naturally occurring isotopes of carbon on Earth: 99% of the carbon is carbon-12, 1% is carbon-13, and carbon-14 occurs in trace amounts. This isotope of carbon which has carbon in trace amounts is used for determining the age of an object containing organic material.

The Process┬а

Archaeologists and scientists have always been fascinated with uncovering the mysteries of the past. Exploring ancient artifacts, ruins, and remains allows them to piece together the history of civilizations long gone. But how do they determine the age of these ancient objects? The answer lies in a method called radiocarbon dating.

Radiocarbon dating is a scientific technique used to determine the age of organic materials. It relies on the properties of a radioactive isotope of carbon known as Carbon-14. This isotope was discovered in 1940 by Martin Kamen and Sam Ruben, opening up new possibilities for dating ancient artifacts.

Carbon-14 is a long-lived, naturally occurring radioactive isotope of carbon with a mass of 14. It exists in trace amounts in the Earth’s atmosphere, where it is constantly being produced by cosmic rays. This radioactive isotope reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide, which is then absorbed by plants through photosynthesis. As a result, all living organisms contain a certain amount of Carbon-14 in their tissues.

The amount of Carbon-14 in an organism remains constant while it is alive. However, once the organism dies, it no longer takes in Carbon-14, and the existing Carbon-14 begins to decay at a predictable rate. The half-life of Carbon-14 is approximately 5,730 years, meaning that after this time, half of the Carbon-14 will have decayed into nitrogen. By measuring the ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 in a sample, scientists can calculate the age of the organic material.

Radiocarbon dating has revolutionized the field of archaeology, allowing researchers to accurately date objects and artifacts that were once difficult to determine. By analyzing the remains of ancient plants, animals, and even humans, archaeologists can gain valuable insights into the past. They can determine the age of wooden structures, like houses or tools, through the analysis of wood samples. They can also date ancient paintings, textiles, and pottery by examining the organic materials used in their creation.

The process of radiocarbon dating involves several steps. First, a sample is collected from the object or material being studied. This sample is then treated to remove any contaminants that could affect the accuracy of the dating process. Next, the sample is converted into a form that can be analyzed, usually as carbon dioxide gas. The carbon dioxide is then purified and converted into graphite, which is compressed into a target for analysis.

Finally, the target is subjected to accelerator mass spectrometry, a technique that can accurately measure the ratio of Carbon-14 to Carbon-12 in the sample. By comparing this ratio to the known decay rate of Carbon-14, scientists can calculate the age of the object or material.┬а

#Hindi

рдЖрдкрдиреЗ рд╢рд╛рдпрдж рд╕реБрдирд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ рдпрд╛ рдкрдврд╝рд╛ рд╣реЛрдЧрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрд╡рд╡рд┐рдж рдЧрд╣рд░рд╛рдИ рдореЗрдВ рдЦреБрджрд╛рдИ рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдФрд░ 5,000 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреА рд▓рдХрдбрд╝реА рдХрд╛ рдЯреБрдХрдбрд╝рд╛, 2000 рд╕рд╛рд▓ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреА рдкреЗрдВрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ, рдпрд╛ рдордореА рдЬреИрд╕реА рдЪреАрдЬреЗрдВ рдЦреЛрдЬрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЕрдм рд╕рд╡рд╛рд▓ рдпрд╣ рд╣реИ рдХрд┐ рдпреЗ рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрд╡рд╡рд┐рдж рдпрд╛ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдЗрди рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рдЪреАрдЬрд╝реЛрдВ рдХреА рдЙрдореНрд░ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдкрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ? рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдЬрд╡рд╛рдм рд╣реИ – рд░реЗрдбрд┐рдпреЛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдбреЗрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧред

рд░реЗрдбрд┐рдпреЛ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдбреЗрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ рдПрдХ рддрд░реАрдХрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ рдХреА рдЙрдореНрд░ рдХрд╛ рдкрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдЬрд┐рд╕рдореЗрдВ рдЬреИрд╡рд┐рдХ рдкрджрд╛рд░реНрде рд╣реЛрддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдпрд╣ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдХреЗ рдПрдХ рд░реЗрдбрд┐рдпреЛрдзрд░реНрдореА рд╕рдорд╕реНрдерд╛рдирд┐рдХ – рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-14 рдХреЗ рдЧреБрдгреЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рдЙрдкрдпреЛрдЧ рдХрд░рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-14 рдХреА рдЦреЛрдЬ 1940 рдореЗрдВ рдорд╛рд░реНрдЯрд┐рди рдХреЗрдореЗрди рдФрд░ рд╕реИрдо рд░реБрдмреЗрди рджреНрд╡рд╛рд░рд╛ рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдереАред

рдкреГрдереНрд╡реА рдкрд░ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдХреЗ рддреАрди рдкреНрд░рд╛рдХреГрддрд┐рдХ рд╕рдорд╕реНрдерд╛рдирд┐рдХ рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ: 99% рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-12, 1% рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-13, рдФрд░ рдмрд╣реБрдд рдереЛрдбрд╝реА рдорд╛рддреНрд░рд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-14ред рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-14 рдЗрд╕ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдореЗрдВ рдорд╣рддреНрд╡рдкреВрд░реНрдг рднреВрдорд┐рдХрд╛ рдирд┐рднрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рдХреНрдпреЛрдВрдХрд┐ рдЗрд╕рдХреА рдорджрдж рд╕реЗ рдЬреИрд╡рд┐рдХ рд╕рд╛рдордЧреНрд░реА рд╡рд╛рд▓реА рд╡рд╕реНрддреБрдУрдВ рдХреА рдЙрдореНрд░ рдЬрд╛рдиреА рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддреА рд╣реИред

рд░реЗрдбрд┐рдпреЛрдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдбреЗрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рдкреМрдзреЛрдВ, рдЬрд╛рдирд╡рд░реЛрдВ рдФрд░ рдпрд╣рд╛рдВ рддрдХ рдХрд┐ рдорд╛рдирд╡ рдЕрд╡рд╢реЗрд╖реЛрдВ рдХрд╛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдХрд░рддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдЗрд╕рд╕реЗ рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЗрдВ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рд╕рднреНрдпрддрд╛рдУрдВ рдХреЗ рдЗрддрд┐рд╣рд╛рд╕ рдХреЛ рдЬрд╛рдирдиреЗ рдореЗрдВ рдорджрдж рдорд┐рд▓рддреА рд╣реИред рдЙрджрд╛рд╣рд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП, рд▓рдХрдбрд╝реА рдХреЗ рдврд╛рдВрдЪреЛрдВ, рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рдкреЗрдВрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧреНрд╕ рдФрд░ рд╡рд╕реНрддреНрд░реЛрдВ рдХреА рдЙрдореНрд░ рдХрд╛ рдкрддрд╛ рдЗрд╕ рддрдХрдиреАрдХ рд╕реЗ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИред

рд░реЗрдбрд┐рдпреЛрдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдбреЗрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ рдкреНрд░рдХреНрд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдХреЗ рдХрдИ рдЪрд░рдг рд╣реЛрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рдкрд╣рд▓реЗ, рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ рд╕реЗ рдПрдХ рдирдореВрдирд╛ рд▓рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рдж, рдирдореВрдирд╛ рдХрд┐рд╕реА рднреА рдЕрд╢реБрджреНрдзрд┐ рдХреЛ рд╣рдЯрд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рддреИрдпрд╛рд░ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдлрд┐рд░ рдЗрд╕реЗ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдбрд╛рдЗрдСрдХреНрд╕рд╛рдЗрдб рдЧреИрд╕ рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд▓рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред рдЗрд╕реЗ рд╢реБрджреНрдз рдХрд░рдХреЗ рдЧреНрд░реЗрдлрд╛рдЗрдЯ рдореЗрдВ рдмрджрд▓рд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕реЗ рд╡рд┐рд╢реНрд▓реЗрд╖рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдПрдХ рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдп рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдЗрд╕реНрддреЗрдорд╛рд▓ рдХрд┐рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИред

рдЕрдВрдд рдореЗрдВ, рдЗрд╕ рд▓рдХреНрд╖реНрдп рдХреЛ рд╡рд┐рд╢реЗрд╖ рддрд░реАрдХреЗ рд╕реЗ рдорд╛рдкрд╛ рдЬрд╛рддрд╛ рд╣реИ рддрд╛рдХрд┐ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-14 рдФрд░ рдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди-12 рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдкрд╛рдд рдХрд╛ рдкрддрд╛ рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХреЗред рдЗрд╕ рдЬрд╛рдирдХрд╛рд░реА рдХреЗ рдЖрдзрд╛рд░ рдкрд░ рд╡реИрдЬреНрдЮрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рдЗрд╕ рдмрд╛рдд рдХреА рдЧрдгрдирд╛ рдХрд░ рд╕рдХрддреЗ рд╣реИрдВ рдХрд┐ рд╡рд╕реНрддреБ рдпрд╛ рдкрджрд╛рд░реНрде рдХрд┐рддрдиреЗ рдкреБрд░рд╛рдиреЗ рд╣реИрдВред рд░реЗрдбрд┐рдпреЛрдХрд╛рд░реНрдмрди рдбреЗрдЯрд┐рдВрдЧ рдиреЗ рдкреБрд░рд╛рддрддреНрд╡ рдХреЗ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдореЗрдВ рдХреНрд░рд╛рдВрддрд┐ рд▓рд╛ рджреА рд╣реИ, рдЬрд┐рд╕рд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рд╛рдЪреАрди рд╡рд╕реНрддреБрдУрдВ рдХреА рдЙрдореНрд░ рдХрд╛ рд╕рдЯреАрдХ рдЕрдиреБрдорд╛рди рд▓рдЧрд╛рдпрд╛ рдЬрд╛ рд╕рдХрддрд╛ рд╣реИред┬а