Note : This story was published in CSIR-NISCAIR’s prestigious magazine ‘ Science Reporter’ in July 2024.
Saare Jahan se Achcha… ISRO’s Gaganyaan Mission
Exploring India’s Space Goals
Get ready as India gears up for an exciting milestone – our first-ever manned space mission with the Gaganyaan spacecraft. This historic journey will showcase India’s space prowess and determination on a global scale.
By sending Indian astronauts into space for the first time, India is set to join the elite league of nations with human spaceflight capabilities. The Gaganyaan mission has already captured the world’s attention and is expected to raise India’s profile in the space community. From technological advancements to inspiring future generations, this mission is poised to revolutionize India’s presence in space exploration.
The Gaganyaan project is a massive undertaking that will demonstrate India’s ability to send a crew of three into space for a three-day mission before safely returning them to Earth. This project combines the expertise of Indian scientists, engineers, industry, academia, and international technologies. To ensure the success of the Gaganyaan mission, key technologies like a human-rated launch vehicle, life support systems, emergency escape plans, and crew management strategies are being developed. Precursor missions will test these technologies before the actual manned mission takes place.
Box Item :
“Sare Jahan Se Accha”… These were the words of Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian to travel to space when our then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asked him – “How India looked from outer space?”
On 3 April 1984, Squander Leader Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to orbit in space. He was on board Soyuz T-11, launched from Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic’s Baikonur Cosmodrome. He carried out all the scientific experiments planned for the joint Indo-Soviet Space Mission and other tasks assigned to him with great facility and excellence.
The Gaganyaan story began
The dream of sending Indians to space has simmered for decades. ISRO, India’s space agency, laid the groundwork with crucial technological advancements. The story of the Gaganyaan program started in 2006 with plans to send astronauts to space. The project was revived in 2014. ISRO has been testing technologies for human spaceflight, and in 2018, the project was officially approved.
In 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the Gaganyaan mission to the nation, igniting a fire of excitement. This ambitious project aimed to be a historic leap for India. Since then team of scientists at ISRO are on their toes to make the Gaganyaan mission a success. In 2021, five science experiments were selected to be conducted on Gaganyaan by various Indian research institutes. These experiments will study biological and physical phenomena in space.
The Orbital Module
The Orbital Module (OM) is a crucial component of the spacecraft that will be orbiting Earth. The OM is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics systems and redundancy measures to prioritize the safety and well-being of the crew during their mission. It is made up of two main sections – the Crew Module (CM) and the Service Module (SM).
- Crew Module (CM)
- Crew Module (CM) is the living space for the crew in space, designed for safety and comfort.
- It carries a 3-member crew and has a double wall for protection.
- The Inner Structure is pressurized metallic, while the External Structure has a Thermal Protection System (TPS).
- Systems within the CM support the crew, including interfaces, life support, avionics, and deceleration for re-entry.
- Service Module (SM)
- SM supports CM in orbit with essential systems.
- Unpressurized structure houses thermal control, propulsion, power, avionics.
- Systems work together to ensure CM functions safely in space.
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VSSC and DRDO test drogue parachutes for Gaganyaan mission, confirming readiness for Test Vehicle-D1. Parachutes stabilize crew module during re-entry, showcasing progress in mission development. Sequence includes 10 parachutes for safe landing.
The Launch Vehicle
The Human Rated LVM3 (HLVM3) is a specialized version of the LVM3 rocket created by ISRO for the Gaganyaan mission. This heavy lift launcher incorporates a solid stage, liquid stage, and cryogenic stage to meet safety requirements for carrying human crew members into space. One standout feature is the inclusion of a Crew Escape System (CES) powered by high burn rate solid motors, designed to move the Crew Module and occupants to safety in case of emergencies during launch pad operations or ascent phase.
HLVM3 is a reliable and proven launcher capable of delivering the Orbital Module to a Low Earth Orbit of 400 km. Its advanced technology and safety features make it well-equipped to support the successful execution of the Gaganyaan mission and safeguard the astronauts on board.
Where will the Gaganyaan mission launch from?
The Gaganyaan mission is set to launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India’s primary spaceport. This carefully chosen location offers the necessary infrastructure and facilities for a mission of this magnitude, including multiple launch pads, tracking stations, and a range safety system. Additionally, the SDSC’s eastern coastal position provides favourable launch trajectories for missions heading eastward. To prepare for the Gaganyaan mission, ISRO has been conducting unmanned test flights to validate technologies and systems. The success of this mission will showcase India’s technological prowess in space exploration and establish its position as a key player in the global space community.
Necessary technologies developed for the mission
Box Item :
Key technologies for Gaganyaan mission include :
Man-rating of the launch vehicle
Crew abort and escape
Crew recovery
ECLSS
Crew quarantine
Materials
Sensors
Tracking
Mission analysis
In order to ensure the safety and success of Gaganyaan mission, several advanced technologies have been developed and implemented. These technologies cover a wide range of aspects, from the man-rating of the launch vehicle to crew recovery and materials used in the spacecraft. ISRO helped us list down a few.
– Development of man-rating technology for launch vehicle to meet safety standards to carry human passengers
– Crew abort and escape systems for emergency situations
– Crew recovery technologies for safe return to Earth
– Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) for astronaut comfort and survival in space
– Crew quarantine measures to ensure astronaut health before mission
– Selection and testing of materials for spacecraft durability in space
– Sensors and tracking technologies to monitor spacecraft health and performance
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Major collaborating partners for Gaganyaan mission include :
- Indian Armed Forces
- Defence Research Development organisation
- Indian maritime agencies – Indian Navy, Indian Coast Guard, Shipping corporation of India, National institute of Oceanography, National Institute of Ocean Technology.
- Indian Meteorological Department
- CSIR Labs
- Academic institutes
- Industry partners
ISRO Chairman S Somnath reiterated on various platforms in last few months that the organization’s dedication is towards indigenous development and harnessing local industries across various platforms. Emphasizing the pursuit of human space flight capabilities, Somnath highlighted ISRO’s commitment to pioneering new technologies for astronaut safety and mission success. Despite challenges faced in the Gaganyaan program, including a lack of expertise in ECLSS development, ISRO decided to independently engineer the system to ensure self-reliance. Stressing the importance of skill-building and design enhancement for successful human space travel, Somnath emphasized the need to protect astronauts from failures. ISRO is currently focusing on incorporating intelligent systems in rockets to proactively address failures and ensure astronaut safety during missions.
Fortunate Indian Astronauts
The fortunate Indian astronauts who will embark on this groundbreaking mission have been carefully selected and trained for years to prepare them for the challenges of space travel. They have undergone rigorous physical and psychological testing to ensure that they are capable of handling the demands of space exploration.
- Group Captain Prashanth Nair, with his extensive experience in flying various aircraft and conducting flight test operations, brings a wealth of knowledge to the team.
- Group Captain Angad Pratap, known for his exceptional skills in handling complex flight scenarios, is a valuable asset to the mission.
- Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, with his expertise in aerospace engineering and flight testing, adds a strong technical aspect to the team.
- Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla, known for his precision in flight test operations, rounds out the group of elite test pilots.
Former chairman of ISRO K Sivan calls it a historic moment for India. He added “The test pilots for the Gaganyaan programme were selected and underwent training in Russia during my tenure. Russian training is generic training. They will continue to receive mission-specific training in India until their last day, ensuring they are fully prepared for the Gaganyaan mission.”
The selection of these four highly skilled individuals for the Gaganyaan mission is a testament to their dedication, expertise, and professionalism. They have undergone rigorous training in Russia to prepare for the challenges of space travel, including simulations, physical fitness tests, and survival training in extreme conditions.
These astronauts will have the privilege of representing their country on the international stage and will be pioneers in India’s space exploration efforts. Their journey to space will be a testament to India’s technological capabilities and its commitment to pushing the boundaries of human exploration.
As they embark on this historic journey to become India’s first astronauts, Group Captain Prashanth Nair, Group Captain Angad Pratap, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla carry with them the hopes and aspirations of an entire nation. Their selection represents a significant milestone in India’s space exploration efforts and paves the way for future missions to explore the depth of space. Their bravery and dedication to the mission will inspire future generations of Indian space explorers and scientists.
Box item :
The ground uniforms for the Gaganyaan mission were designed by a team from the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Bengaluru. The team, which included three students and two professors, worked on creating a functional and ergonomic uniform that would suit the needs of the astronaut-designates. After considering seventy possibilities, the final design featured an asymmetrical two-coloured style line, drawing inspiration from various space agency uniforms.
Test pilots training programme
The selected astronauts, who are test pilots from the Indian armed forces, initially underwent training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. This training involved various aspects of spaceflight, including simulations, physical conditioning, and familiarisation with the systems of the spacecraft. ISRO confirms that currently, the astronauts are undergoing functional training in various subsystems that are crucial for the success of the Gaganyaan mission. This includes training in spacecraft systems, emergency procedures, navigation, communication, and scientific experiments that they will conduct during their time in space.
K Sivan also proudly shared that “The 4 astronauts went through an 11 month training in Russia which was extended to 15 months. The training was impacted by the corona pandemic, which was resumed and completed. Now module specific training is being carried out at various places in India.”
ISRO has also been collaborating with international space agencies and organizations to ensure that the astronauts receive the best possible training and preparation for their mission. No doubt, the training program for the Gaganyaan astronauts is rigorous and comprehensive, designed to prepare them for the challenges of space travel and ensure their safety and success during the mission. ISRO is leaving no stone unturned in ensuring that the astronauts are fully prepared and equipped for this historic mission.
What is zero gravity training?
Sending Indian astronauts into space is a monumental task that requires meticulous planning, coordination, and execution. ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization, has taken on this ambitious responsibility and is working diligently to ensure the successful launch and safe return of Indian astronauts.
This involves a myriad of complex tasks such as designing and building a crew module, developing the necessary life support systems, conducting rigorous training programs for the astronauts, and coordinating with international partners for support. ISRO is also focused on ensuring the safety and wellbeing of the astronauts during their mission in space.
One of the most crucial part of the training is Zero gravity training, also known as zero-G training. It is a form of training that simulates the microgravity environment experienced by astronauts in space. It involves using special aircraft, such as a reduced gravity aircraft or a parabolic flight aircraft, to create brief periods of weightlessness by flying in parabolic arcs. This type of training is used to prepare astronauts for the physical and psychological challenges of working in space, as well as to conduct research in a weightless environment.
Rakesh Sharma shared the details on the basis of his experiences on zero gravity training. He explains training test pilots for zero gravity for space travel involves a combination of classroom instruction, simulation training, and actual parabolic flights. Here is an overview of how test pilots are trained for zero gravity for space travel:
1. Classroom instruction: Test pilots are first taught the principles of microgravity and how it affects the human body. They learn about the physiological changes that occur in space, such as fluid shifts, bone density loss, and muscle atrophy. They also learn about the challenges of working in a weightless environment, such as orientation and coordination issues.
2. Simulation training: Test pilots undergo simulation training in specialized facilities that can recreate the feeling of weightlessness. They practice moving and working in a simulated zero gravity environment to familiarize themselves with the sensations and learn how to adapt to the lack of gravity.
3. Parabolic flights: Test pilots then participate in parabolic flights, also known as “zero gravity flights,” where an aircraft follows a parabolic trajectory to create periods of weightlessness. During these flights, test pilots experience true zero gravity conditions and practice performing tasks in a weightless environment.
Rakesh sharma remembers “the process of zero gravity training which involves attaching sponges to the sides of the ship to simulate the volume of the room. The ship first dives, then pulls up and slows down, causing the nose to bend and create a curve with a pilot. During this process, gravity inside the universe becomes zero for twenty-five seconds. The astronauts experience what the atmosphere will be like in space during this time. After the training, which lasts one and a half to two hours, the astronauts must evacuate the ship as it heads towards the ground.”
4. Specialized training equipment: Test pilots may also use specialized equipment, such as harnesses, bungee cords, and training platforms, to simulate the conditions of space travel. They practice using these tools to maintain their balance, stability, and coordination in a weightless environment.
5. Continuous practice and evaluation: Test pilots undergo regular training sessions and evaluations to monitor their progress and ensure that they are prepared for the challenges of space travel. They receive feedback from instructors and experts to improve their skills and adaptability in zero gravity.
How will ISRO ensure astronauts’ safety on Gaganyaan mission?
Former ISRO Chairman A S Kiran Kumar stresses the importance of perfect pre-mission preparations. He highlights the need to ensure that everything is in working order before sending humans into space. Therefore, preparatory mission activities are underway to meet all the established requirements and standards for a human space mission.
ISRO is diligent about this mission aspect. When queried about it, ISRO provided extensive details in response. It has provided us with a comprehensive list of measures put in place to ensure the success of the mission and the safety of the astronauts.
“Safety is ensured through abort and escape systems during the launching phase and recovery systems during descent phase. ECLSS system is being developed to take care of crew safety in the orbit.” – ISRO
Abort and escape systems are designed to safely remove the astronauts from the spacecraft in the event of an emergency during launch. They provide a way for the crew to quickly evacuate the spacecraft and return to Earth in case of any technical difficulties or malfunctions. ISRO has developed recovery systems for the descent phase of the mission. These systems ensure a safe landing for the astronauts once they return to Earth. By carefully planning and implementing these systems, ISRO is working to minimize any risks associated with the mission and prioritize the safety of the crew.
In order to support the astronauts during their time in orbit, ISRO is also developing an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). This system will be responsible for regulating the spacecraft’s environment, providing clean air and water, and managing waste disposal. By creating a comfortable and sustainable environment for the astronauts, ISRO is prioritizing their well-being and ensuring that they can focus on their mission without any distractions.
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- A software called SAKHI (Space-borne Assistant and Knowledge Hub for Crew Interaction) developed by the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre will assist astronauts during the Gaganyaan mission.
- SAKHI will monitor their health, provide vital data on their physical state, maintain communication with ground-based stations, and serve as a reminder for their daily tasks.
- The engineering model of the smart device with SAKHI has been successfully tested, with plans to create a production-ready model for use on the mission.
Factors potentially impact the timeline for Gaganyaan mission
K Sivan provided an update on the Gaganyaan mission progress, mentioning ground and in-flight tests are underway. Final touches are being made to the mission’s configuration, including astronauts and a robot. Two flights will be conducted with a robot, Vyommitra, scheduled to travel in one of the missions. Everything is proceeding as planned.
Although the timeline for the launch of this ambitious mission is dependent on several factors that could potentially impact the schedule. ISRO explains that “there are various series of tests are planned to qualify various subsystems. The schedules are prepared based on the assumption that all the tests will qualify the systems in the first attempt. These tests are crucial to ensure that all systems are functioning properly and are ready for the mission. If any anomalies are detected during these tests, additional time may be required to address and rectify them.”
External factors such as weather conditions and logistical challenges could also impact the timeline for the launch of the Gaganyaan mission. Launching a manned mission into space requires careful planning and coordination, and any unforeseen obstacles could potentially delay the mission.
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What makes the Gaganyaan mission so important?
– Gaganyaan mission will establish India as a member of the exclusive group of nations capable of human spaceflight
– The mission offers scientific and technological value by enabling experiments in a microgravity environment
– It has the potential to inspire a new generation of scientists and engineers in India
– The mission holds strategic significance for India by bolstering national security
- It symbolizes India’s expanding space ambitions and commitment to becoming a key player in the global space community
Potential benefits and scientific outcomes
ISRO has high hopes for the future of the space sector and is confident that the Gaganyaan mission will bring great value. ISRO helped us make a list that highlights the potential benefits and expected scientific results of the Gaganyaan mission.
- One of the key areas of focus for the Gaganyaan mission is deep technology applications. The mission will involve the use of cutting-edge technology and techniques that have the potential for a wide range of spin-off applications. These technologies could have applications in areas such as communication, navigation, and remote sensing, and could benefit a wide range of industries and sectors.
- Another area of exploration during the Gaganyaan mission will be microgravity experiments in biology and agriculture. Microgravity environments offer unique opportunities for studying biological processes and plant growth in ways that are not possible on Earth. By conducting experiments in these conditions, scientists hope to gain a better understanding of how plants and animals respond to zero gravity, which could have implications for future space missions and for agriculture here on Earth.
- The Gaganyaan mission will also involve the use of high-end sensors for life-saving purposes. The mission will involve monitoring the health and well-being of the astronauts in real-time, using a range of sensors to track their vital signs and ensure their safety throughout the mission. These sensors could have potential applications in areas such as healthcare and emergency response, where real-time monitoring of patients’ vital signs could be crucial for saving lives.
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Following the successful completion of the Gaganyaan programme soon, the next goal will be to develop the capability for maintaining a continuous human presence in space.
The successful completion of the Gaganyaan mission will mark a historic moment for India and showcase the country’s capabilities in space technology and exploration. It will not only enhance India’s prestige in the global space community but also pave the way for future ambitious space missions. The mission will bring about a shift in how India is perceived in the space sector, positioning the country as a leader in human spaceflight and a key player in international collaborations and partnerships.
The Gaganyaan mission will inspire a new generation of scientists, engineers, and innovators in India, fostering a culture of scientific curiosity and technological innovation. It will fuel aspirations and dreams of young Indians to explore the cosmos and contribute to the country’s space program. The mission will set the stage for India to play a more prominent role in shaping the future of space exploration and research, solidifying its position as a space-faring nation with the capability to undertake complex and challenging missions.
This will be a transformative moment for India in the space sector, showcasing the country’s potential and opening up new horizons for advancement and collaboration. As India embarks on this historic journey to send its astronauts into space, the world will witness the nation’s rise as a formidable player in the realm of space exploration, shaping the future of space travel and discovery.
NehaScope 
Note : This story was published in CSIR-NISCAIR’s prestigious magazine ‘ Science Reporter’ in July 2024.
Saare Jahan se Achcha… ISRO’s Gaganyaan Mission
Exploring India’s Space Goals
Get ready as India gears up for an exciting milestone – our first-ever manned space mission with the Gaganyaan spacecraft. This historic journey will showcase India’s space prowess and determination on a global scale.
By sending Indian astronauts into space for the first time, India is set to join the elite league of nations with human spaceflight capabilities. The Gaganyaan mission has already captured the world’s attention and is expected to raise India’s profile in the space community. From technological advancements to inspiring future generations, this mission is poised to revolutionize India’s presence in space exploration.
The Gaganyaan project is a massive undertaking that will demonstrate India’s ability to send a crew of three into space for a three-day mission before safely returning them to Earth. This project combines the expertise of Indian scientists, engineers, industry, academia, and international technologies. To ensure the success of the Gaganyaan mission, key technologies like a human-rated launch vehicle, life support systems, emergency escape plans, and crew management strategies are being developed. Precursor missions will test these technologies before the actual manned mission takes place.
Box Item :
“Sare Jahan Se Accha”… These were the words of Wing Commander Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian to travel to space when our then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi asked him – “How India looked from outer space?”
On 3 April 1984, Squander Leader Rakesh Sharma became the first Indian to orbit in space. He was on board Soyuz T-11, launched from Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic’s Baikonur Cosmodrome. He carried out all the scientific experiments planned for the joint Indo-Soviet Space Mission and other tasks assigned to him with great facility and excellence.
The Gaganyaan story began
The dream of sending Indians to space has simmered for decades. ISRO, India’s space agency, laid the groundwork with crucial technological advancements. The story of the Gaganyaan program started in 2006 with plans to send astronauts to space. The project was revived in 2014. ISRO has been testing technologies for human spaceflight, and in 2018, the project was officially approved.
In 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the Gaganyaan mission to the nation, igniting a fire of excitement. This ambitious project aimed to be a historic leap for India. Since then team of scientists at ISRO are on their toes to make the Gaganyaan mission a success. In 2021, five science experiments were selected to be conducted on Gaganyaan by various Indian research institutes. These experiments will study biological and physical phenomena in space.
The Orbital Module
The Orbital Module (OM) is a crucial component of the spacecraft that will be orbiting Earth. The OM is equipped with state-of-the-art avionics systems and redundancy measures to prioritize the safety and well-being of the crew during their mission. It is made up of two main sections – the Crew Module (CM) and the Service Module (SM).
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VSSC and DRDO test drogue parachutes for Gaganyaan mission, confirming readiness for Test Vehicle-D1. Parachutes stabilize crew module during re-entry, showcasing progress in mission development. Sequence includes 10 parachutes for safe landing.
The Launch Vehicle
The Human Rated LVM3 (HLVM3) is a specialized version of the LVM3 rocket created by ISRO for the Gaganyaan mission. This heavy lift launcher incorporates a solid stage, liquid stage, and cryogenic stage to meet safety requirements for carrying human crew members into space. One standout feature is the inclusion of a Crew Escape System (CES) powered by high burn rate solid motors, designed to move the Crew Module and occupants to safety in case of emergencies during launch pad operations or ascent phase.
HLVM3 is a reliable and proven launcher capable of delivering the Orbital Module to a Low Earth Orbit of 400 km. Its advanced technology and safety features make it well-equipped to support the successful execution of the Gaganyaan mission and safeguard the astronauts on board.
Where will the Gaganyaan mission launch from?
The Gaganyaan mission is set to launch from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, India’s primary spaceport. This carefully chosen location offers the necessary infrastructure and facilities for a mission of this magnitude, including multiple launch pads, tracking stations, and a range safety system. Additionally, the SDSC’s eastern coastal position provides favourable launch trajectories for missions heading eastward. To prepare for the Gaganyaan mission, ISRO has been conducting unmanned test flights to validate technologies and systems. The success of this mission will showcase India’s technological prowess in space exploration and establish its position as a key player in the global space community.
Necessary technologies developed for the mission
Box Item :
Key technologies for Gaganyaan mission include :
Man-rating of the launch vehicle
Crew abort and escape
Crew recovery
ECLSS
Crew quarantine
Materials
Sensors
Tracking
Mission analysis
In order to ensure the safety and success of Gaganyaan mission, several advanced technologies have been developed and implemented. These technologies cover a wide range of aspects, from the man-rating of the launch vehicle to crew recovery and materials used in the spacecraft. ISRO helped us list down a few.
– Development of man-rating technology for launch vehicle to meet safety standards to carry human passengers
– Crew abort and escape systems for emergency situations
– Crew recovery technologies for safe return to Earth
– Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) for astronaut comfort and survival in space
– Crew quarantine measures to ensure astronaut health before mission
– Selection and testing of materials for spacecraft durability in space
– Sensors and tracking technologies to monitor spacecraft health and performance
Box Item :
Major collaborating partners for Gaganyaan mission include :
ISRO Chairman S Somnath reiterated on various platforms in last few months that the organization’s dedication is towards indigenous development and harnessing local industries across various platforms. Emphasizing the pursuit of human space flight capabilities, Somnath highlighted ISRO’s commitment to pioneering new technologies for astronaut safety and mission success. Despite challenges faced in the Gaganyaan program, including a lack of expertise in ECLSS development, ISRO decided to independently engineer the system to ensure self-reliance. Stressing the importance of skill-building and design enhancement for successful human space travel, Somnath emphasized the need to protect astronauts from failures. ISRO is currently focusing on incorporating intelligent systems in rockets to proactively address failures and ensure astronaut safety during missions.
Fortunate Indian Astronauts
The fortunate Indian astronauts who will embark on this groundbreaking mission have been carefully selected and trained for years to prepare them for the challenges of space travel. They have undergone rigorous physical and psychological testing to ensure that they are capable of handling the demands of space exploration.
Former chairman of ISRO K Sivan calls it a historic moment for India. He added “The test pilots for the Gaganyaan programme were selected and underwent training in Russia during my tenure. Russian training is generic training. They will continue to receive mission-specific training in India until their last day, ensuring they are fully prepared for the Gaganyaan mission.”
The selection of these four highly skilled individuals for the Gaganyaan mission is a testament to their dedication, expertise, and professionalism. They have undergone rigorous training in Russia to prepare for the challenges of space travel, including simulations, physical fitness tests, and survival training in extreme conditions.
These astronauts will have the privilege of representing their country on the international stage and will be pioneers in India’s space exploration efforts. Their journey to space will be a testament to India’s technological capabilities and its commitment to pushing the boundaries of human exploration.
As they embark on this historic journey to become India’s first astronauts, Group Captain Prashanth Nair, Group Captain Angad Pratap, Group Captain Ajit Krishnan, and Wing Commander Shubhanshu Shukla carry with them the hopes and aspirations of an entire nation. Their selection represents a significant milestone in India’s space exploration efforts and paves the way for future missions to explore the depth of space. Their bravery and dedication to the mission will inspire future generations of Indian space explorers and scientists.
Box item :
The ground uniforms for the Gaganyaan mission were designed by a team from the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT), Bengaluru. The team, which included three students and two professors, worked on creating a functional and ergonomic uniform that would suit the needs of the astronaut-designates. After considering seventy possibilities, the final design featured an asymmetrical two-coloured style line, drawing inspiration from various space agency uniforms.
Test pilots training programme
The selected astronauts, who are test pilots from the Indian armed forces, initially underwent training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center in Russia. This training involved various aspects of spaceflight, including simulations, physical conditioning, and familiarisation with the systems of the spacecraft. ISRO confirms that currently, the astronauts are undergoing functional training in various subsystems that are crucial for the success of the Gaganyaan mission. This includes training in spacecraft systems, emergency procedures, navigation, communication, and scientific experiments that they will conduct during their time in space.
K Sivan also proudly shared that “The 4 astronauts went through an 11 month training in Russia which was extended to 15 months. The training was impacted by the corona pandemic, which was resumed and completed. Now module specific training is being carried out at various places in India.”
ISRO has also been collaborating with international space agencies and organizations to ensure that the astronauts receive the best possible training and preparation for their mission. No doubt, the training program for the Gaganyaan astronauts is rigorous and comprehensive, designed to prepare them for the challenges of space travel and ensure their safety and success during the mission. ISRO is leaving no stone unturned in ensuring that the astronauts are fully prepared and equipped for this historic mission.
What is zero gravity training?
Sending Indian astronauts into space is a monumental task that requires meticulous planning, coordination, and execution. ISRO, the Indian Space Research Organization, has taken on this ambitious responsibility and is working diligently to ensure the successful launch and safe return of Indian astronauts.
This involves a myriad of complex tasks such as designing and building a crew module, developing the necessary life support systems, conducting rigorous training programs for the astronauts, and coordinating with international partners for support. ISRO is also focused on ensuring the safety and wellbeing of the astronauts during their mission in space.
One of the most crucial part of the training is Zero gravity training, also known as zero-G training. It is a form of training that simulates the microgravity environment experienced by astronauts in space. It involves using special aircraft, such as a reduced gravity aircraft or a parabolic flight aircraft, to create brief periods of weightlessness by flying in parabolic arcs. This type of training is used to prepare astronauts for the physical and psychological challenges of working in space, as well as to conduct research in a weightless environment.
Rakesh Sharma shared the details on the basis of his experiences on zero gravity training. He explains training test pilots for zero gravity for space travel involves a combination of classroom instruction, simulation training, and actual parabolic flights. Here is an overview of how test pilots are trained for zero gravity for space travel:
1. Classroom instruction: Test pilots are first taught the principles of microgravity and how it affects the human body. They learn about the physiological changes that occur in space, such as fluid shifts, bone density loss, and muscle atrophy. They also learn about the challenges of working in a weightless environment, such as orientation and coordination issues.
2. Simulation training: Test pilots undergo simulation training in specialized facilities that can recreate the feeling of weightlessness. They practice moving and working in a simulated zero gravity environment to familiarize themselves with the sensations and learn how to adapt to the lack of gravity.
3. Parabolic flights: Test pilots then participate in parabolic flights, also known as “zero gravity flights,” where an aircraft follows a parabolic trajectory to create periods of weightlessness. During these flights, test pilots experience true zero gravity conditions and practice performing tasks in a weightless environment.
Rakesh sharma remembers “the process of zero gravity training which involves attaching sponges to the sides of the ship to simulate the volume of the room. The ship first dives, then pulls up and slows down, causing the nose to bend and create a curve with a pilot. During this process, gravity inside the universe becomes zero for twenty-five seconds. The astronauts experience what the atmosphere will be like in space during this time. After the training, which lasts one and a half to two hours, the astronauts must evacuate the ship as it heads towards the ground.”
4. Specialized training equipment: Test pilots may also use specialized equipment, such as harnesses, bungee cords, and training platforms, to simulate the conditions of space travel. They practice using these tools to maintain their balance, stability, and coordination in a weightless environment.
5. Continuous practice and evaluation: Test pilots undergo regular training sessions and evaluations to monitor their progress and ensure that they are prepared for the challenges of space travel. They receive feedback from instructors and experts to improve their skills and adaptability in zero gravity.
How will ISRO ensure astronauts’ safety on Gaganyaan mission?
Former ISRO Chairman A S Kiran Kumar stresses the importance of perfect pre-mission preparations. He highlights the need to ensure that everything is in working order before sending humans into space. Therefore, preparatory mission activities are underway to meet all the established requirements and standards for a human space mission.
ISRO is diligent about this mission aspect. When queried about it, ISRO provided extensive details in response. It has provided us with a comprehensive list of measures put in place to ensure the success of the mission and the safety of the astronauts.
“Safety is ensured through abort and escape systems during the launching phase and recovery systems during descent phase. ECLSS system is being developed to take care of crew safety in the orbit.” – ISRO
Abort and escape systems are designed to safely remove the astronauts from the spacecraft in the event of an emergency during launch. They provide a way for the crew to quickly evacuate the spacecraft and return to Earth in case of any technical difficulties or malfunctions. ISRO has developed recovery systems for the descent phase of the mission. These systems ensure a safe landing for the astronauts once they return to Earth. By carefully planning and implementing these systems, ISRO is working to minimize any risks associated with the mission and prioritize the safety of the crew.
In order to support the astronauts during their time in orbit, ISRO is also developing an Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). This system will be responsible for regulating the spacecraft’s environment, providing clean air and water, and managing waste disposal. By creating a comfortable and sustainable environment for the astronauts, ISRO is prioritizing their well-being and ensuring that they can focus on their mission without any distractions.
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Factors potentially impact the timeline for Gaganyaan mission
K Sivan provided an update on the Gaganyaan mission progress, mentioning ground and in-flight tests are underway. Final touches are being made to the mission’s configuration, including astronauts and a robot. Two flights will be conducted with a robot, Vyommitra, scheduled to travel in one of the missions. Everything is proceeding as planned.
Although the timeline for the launch of this ambitious mission is dependent on several factors that could potentially impact the schedule. ISRO explains that “there are various series of tests are planned to qualify various subsystems. The schedules are prepared based on the assumption that all the tests will qualify the systems in the first attempt. These tests are crucial to ensure that all systems are functioning properly and are ready for the mission. If any anomalies are detected during these tests, additional time may be required to address and rectify them.”
External factors such as weather conditions and logistical challenges could also impact the timeline for the launch of the Gaganyaan mission. Launching a manned mission into space requires careful planning and coordination, and any unforeseen obstacles could potentially delay the mission.
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What makes the Gaganyaan mission so important?
– Gaganyaan mission will establish India as a member of the exclusive group of nations capable of human spaceflight
– The mission offers scientific and technological value by enabling experiments in a microgravity environment
– It has the potential to inspire a new generation of scientists and engineers in India
– The mission holds strategic significance for India by bolstering national security
Potential benefits and scientific outcomes
ISRO has high hopes for the future of the space sector and is confident that the Gaganyaan mission will bring great value. ISRO helped us make a list that highlights the potential benefits and expected scientific results of the Gaganyaan mission.
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Following the successful completion of the Gaganyaan programme soon, the next goal will be to develop the capability for maintaining a continuous human presence in space.
The successful completion of the Gaganyaan mission will mark a historic moment for India and showcase the country’s capabilities in space technology and exploration. It will not only enhance India’s prestige in the global space community but also pave the way for future ambitious space missions. The mission will bring about a shift in how India is perceived in the space sector, positioning the country as a leader in human spaceflight and a key player in international collaborations and partnerships.
The Gaganyaan mission will inspire a new generation of scientists, engineers, and innovators in India, fostering a culture of scientific curiosity and technological innovation. It will fuel aspirations and dreams of young Indians to explore the cosmos and contribute to the country’s space program. The mission will set the stage for India to play a more prominent role in shaping the future of space exploration and research, solidifying its position as a space-faring nation with the capability to undertake complex and challenging missions.
This will be a transformative moment for India in the space sector, showcasing the country’s potential and opening up new horizons for advancement and collaboration. As India embarks on this historic journey to send its astronauts into space, the world will witness the nation’s rise as a formidable player in the realm of space exploration, shaping the future of space travel and discovery.
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